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Management of the eye in facial paralysis

Ocular prevention is the first and foremost priority in the management of the patient with facial paralysis. John J Chi presents a review on the management of the upper and lower eyelid in cases of the paralysed face. In the...

Facial Paralysis - A Comprehensive Rehabilitative Approach

Facial Paralysis – a Comprehensive Rehabilitative Approach provides a thorough account of the surgical management of facial nerve disorders. It is an enjoyable read – being a manageable size yet covering the topic in sufficient detail to appeal to the...

Semi dynamic reconstruction of the lower lip

The main goal of reconstructive surgery for facial paralysis is the restoration of smiling and function of eye closure. The deformity of the lower lip in paralysis is ptosis of the corner of the mouth, eversion of the vermillion and...

Righting the paralysed lip

Many surgical procedures that otolaryngologists perform put the facial nerve at risk of injury, a complication that the surgeon and patient fear alike. Unfortunately, injuries to the nerve can and do happen despite adequate precautions, and facial paralysis may be...

Modified temporalis muscle transfer for facial palsy

Use of the temporalis muscle to mitigate the deformities of facial palsy is an accepted technique, but getting the temporalis muscle into the correct position, with the correct tension, is difficult but essential if the operation is to be successful....

Plastic Surgery Volume 3: Craniofacial, Head and Neck Surgery, Paediatric Surgery

A detailed description of all aspects of head and neck surgery is a considerable challenge for any single volume but the fourth volume of this series is nonetheless fairly comprehensive and attempts to cover the anatomy, craniofacial trauma and head...

A review on contemporary options for facial reanimation

This paper is an up-to-date review on surgical and non-surgical options for the treatment of facial paralysis. The authors thoroughly describe recent techniques, like the masseter-to-facial nerve transfer, explaining the advantages over other more popular transfer techniques like the hypoglossal-to-facial...

Forehead rhytides – anatomy and neuromodulator treatment

This article refines our understanding surrounding the forehead in general and more specifically of the anatomy and function of frontalis, a common target for anti-wrinkle injections. The author enrolled a cohort of volunteers with a wide range of ethnic backgrounds...

Extracapsular dissection versus parotidectomy

This is a literature review of 16 papers using the PRISMA protocol. In comparing the two techniques, not surprisingly, they found that the extracapsular dissection had a reduced facial nerve paralysis, Frey syndrome and operation time but also a reduced...

A tarso-conjunctival flap for paralytic ectropion

This is a review of 110 patients with paralytic ectropion who underwent a lateral tarso-conjunctival flap procedure. The technique involves fashioning a 4-8mm wide lateral tarso-conjunctival flap in a similar way to a lateral Hughes flap. This is then sutured...

Quantity for quality

Although facial paralysis is not uncommon, the number of patients who require free muscle transfer is much smaller. Besides that, the diversity of surgical and non-surgical interventions, the multitude of methods for perioperative assessment, and outcome measurements likewise lead to...

Treatment of established facial palsy with botulinum toxin followed by half mirror exercises

Seventeen patients with unilateral facial palsy for more than a year were treated with botulinum toxin injections to relieve symptoms of facial synkinesis or hyperkinetic movements. Three injections were given at six to eight month intervals, followed by daily half...