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Botulinum toxin (BoNT) for depression: A review of the mechanism of action and its potential place as an adjuvant treatment

BoNT is becoming a recognised efficient treatment for depression, endorsed by several disciplines including psychiatry. Clare Amrani examines the potential mechanism of action and explores the appropriate place of BoNT in the therapeutic armamentarium for depression. How did BoNT become...

Laser tattoo removal

The authors, experts in dermatologic laser surgery, provide us with a comprehensive review on the use of lasers for tattoo removal. The advanced development in laser devices that can be used for tattoo removal has helped patients and clinicians attain...

Exosomes: everything you always wanted to know and questions to ask your exosome provider

This article has been verified for CPD. Click the button below to answer a few short questions and download a form to be included in your CPD folder. What are exosomes? Exosomes are just one subset of extracellular vesicles (EVs),...

Rejuvenation of the forehead: correction of the frontal concavity

During the ageing process, many different anatomical changes contribute to the aged appearance of the face [1]. Focusing on the forehead, typical age-related changes are regression of the hairline, solar damage, skin laxity, dynamic wrinkles, reduction of fat and bone...

The use of electrolysis in acne treatment – sebaceous gland ablation

Sebaceous gland ablation (SGA) offers a long-term solution to persistent acne. This is an exciting new treatment which is bringing hope to acne sufferers everywhere. What is acne? Acne is an unsightly skin condition which causes thickening and inflammation of...

The importance of continuing professional development in rhinoplasty

The PMFA Journal team invited two world-renowned rhinoplasty surgeons to reflect on the importance of life-long learning in their chosen specialty. The vital role of continuous surgical training in rhinoplasty By Pietro Palma Rhinoplasty can be a most rewarding operation...

Skin biorevitalisation with hyaluronic acid

This article has been verified for CPD. Click the button below to answer a few short questions and download a form to be included in your CPD folder. While Botulinum toxin A, dermal fillers, chemical peels and laser resurfacing are...

Is there a role for retrobulbar hyaluronidase in hyaluronic acid vascular embolism related vision loss?

This article has been verified for CPD. Click the button below to answer a few short questions and download a form to be included in your CPD folder. How should vascular occlusions be managed? The authors review the evidence on...

Thread lifting – the fundamentals

"Thread lifting” is a minimally invasive outpatient procedure that is becoming increasingly popular internationally [1-3]. Threads are surgical sutures that can be utilised for facial and body contouring and rejuvenation. These sutures can be used for skin rejuvenation as bio-stimulators...

Hand rejuvenation with injectable fillers

The author, an internationally recognised aesthetic dermatologist and Faculty Member for this year’s 5CC meeting in Barcelona, provides an expert guide to the use of injectable fillers in hand rejuvenation. Ageing of the hands can result in discrepancy between a...