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A short overview of the evolution of botulinum toxin type A formulations
Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is a potent neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum [1]. BoNT-A has been used for various therapeutic and aesthetic purposes, including the treatment of muscle disorders, chronic pain and facial wrinkles [2-4]. Over the...OPINION - Raising awareness of the dangers of local anaesthetic misuse in aesthetic procedures
This article will explore local anaesthesia (LA) and how its misuse can have severe negative consequences. We will also look into how we can address this important issue and help make the industry safer for patients. In the last few...‘Rhinofiller’: non-surgical correction of the nose
Dr Agolli from Italy advocates the use of filler to quickly and easily achieve a non-surgical rhinoplasty without downtime for the patient. Cultural basis It is believed that Dante Alighieri was not a handsome man, probably because of his appearance,...How I Do It - Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in the hand: addressing the cosmetic and functional deficit using joint replacements
In his work Orthopaedia Nicholas Andry was one of the first to define the ideal hand, in terms of ideal proportions and appearance [1]. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, erosive inflammatory arthritis thought to affect approximately 1% of the...How I Do It - Reduction thyroplasty
Introduction Male to female transgender patients often undergo reduction thyroplasty – a procedure to reduce the external appearance of the thyroid cartilage of the larynx, and feminisation of the voice. Reduction thyroplasty, often erroneously called ‘tracheal shave’, is one of...Submandibular haematoma with airway obstruction following a warfarin overdose
Submental and submandibular abscesses are frequent in oral and maxillofacial surgery; on the other hand submandibular haematomas are uncommon. However, we encountered a submandibular haematoma, initially masked as a Ludwig’s angina, which was compromising the airway of a warfarinised patient...
Clinical Anatomy of the Face for Filler and Botulinum Toxin Injection
This text provides an exquisite overview of clinical anatomy for aesthetic clinicians, providing cosmetic injectable treatments to an Asian population. The anatomical photography and clinical dissections convey exceptional detail of facial structures, combining embalmed and unembalmed specimens, as well as...
Hair Loss and Restoration
Shapiro and Otbeg elegantly address the causes of hair loss, both idiopathic and pathological, and explain the treatments currently and the evidence behind them Our understanding of the pathophysiology of hair loss has evolved greatly in recent years. Before the...
The Business of Plastic Surgery, 2nd Edition
This is a valuable insight into running a successful business, provided by American experts in plastic surgery. The book is aimed at an audience from across the pond so much of it is directly targeted to their medical school and...
Exploration of more effective neurorrhaphy in facial nerve reconstruction
This study was laboratory based and focused on different types of end-to-side neurorraphy, and their effects on treating partial facial paralysis. The ultimate aim of this study was to determine which end-to-side neurorraphy produced the greatest axonal growth across the...
Postoperative follow-up of oral squamous cell carcinoma: a new protocol
Oral and oropharyngeal cancers together are the sixth most common malignancy in the world, with an increasing incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The recurrence rate of OSCC is reported to be approximately 10-26%. About two-thirds of all recurrent...
