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Preferred upper / lower lip ratio and perception of naturally looking lips, a study across generations and genders

Introduction ‘Beauty is in the eye of the beholder’. Although it sounds true, most often some beauty patterns or preferences can be innate or intuitive [1]. When it comes to the ideal lips, how much of their features can be...

Lips and the perioral area: anatomical considerations for safer and natural results

This article has been verified for CPD. Click the button below to answer a few short questions and download a form to be included in your CPD folder. Minimally invasive cosmetic procedures, including lip augmentation using hyaluronic acid dermal fillers,...

A short overview of the evolution of botulinum toxin type A formulations

Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is a potent neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum [1]. BoNT-A has been used for various therapeutic and aesthetic purposes, including the treatment of muscle disorders, chronic pain and facial wrinkles [2-4]. Over the...

Tranexamic acid and platelet rich plasma in the treatment of melasma: efficacy and safety

Melasma is a common, acquired, progressive, often symmetrical macular hypermelanosis that is usually localised on the face and more frequently on the forehead, upper lip, central and malar area of the face. It is triggered by a variety of factors,...

Fractional laser treatment for medical skin diseases

This article has been verified for CPD. Click the button below to answer a few short questions and download a form to be included in your CPD folder.