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A short overview of the evolution of botulinum toxin type A formulations

Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is a potent neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum [1]. BoNT-A has been used for various therapeutic and aesthetic purposes, including the treatment of muscle disorders, chronic pain and facial wrinkles [2-4]. Over the...

In conversation with Dr Ibrahim Galadari

You are internationally recognised in the world of dermatology – what led you to into this field? Many doctors think about different specialties when they graduate from medical school. For myself, it was actually already my hobby to look at...

Periocular burns: a literature review of classification, management protocols and outcomes of treatment

The author provides a review of the current literature regarding the principles of classification, management protocols of acute ocular and periocular burns and the role of the burn and oculoplastic surgeon involved in their care. More than two-thirds of facial...

Serving face

(Note: Serving face / giving face is a term used commonly by drag performers. It refers to the face you make as you pose for a photograph.) Dr Vincent Wong showcases the art and science of transforming drag queens into...

Acid attacks: part 2

The PMFA Journal Editor Andrew Burd continues with his exploration of the optimum treatment protocol for managing the devastating injuries wrought by acid attacks (see Part 1 here). In part one of this series I outlined the evolution of my...

Fat grafting the buttock: facts and myths

Following the widely reported death of a British patient undergoing the procedure, can there be a place for the ‘Brazilian Butt Lift’ in plastic surgery? Professor James Frame takes a look at this controversial topic.

MD/PhDs or MD/MBAs: which do we need more to innovate in plastic surgery?

I would like to thank Arlen Meyers and Victor Castro for submitting this article. One of the problems that I have seen in my professional lifetime is the failure of entrepreneurs to grasp that there is no infinite health care...

The role of maxillomandibular advancement surgery in obstructive sleep apnoea

Facial surgery for the correction of acquired or developmental skeletal and occlusal abnormalities has been practised within the scope of oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) for several decades. OMFS surgeons have an understanding of the influence of skeletal movements on...

Oral minoxidil: innovations in hair loss

Causes With a wide range of causes, it’s often the uncertainty of why hair loss has happened which leaves people feeling that there isn’t a route out of the problem. On average we shed between 50-100 hairs a day and...

Impact of medical NGOs and a new collaborative approach: the case of Guinea with Mercy Ships

Mercy Ships (MS) is a global Christian charity that follows the 2000-year-old model of Jesus to bring hope and healing to those suffering from disability, disfigurement, and disease. This article by Professor Diallo and Drs Ugai and Conde, details a...

The challenge of reinterpreting past data through the lens of advances in skin biome research

Advances in technology have allowed scientists to expand their understanding of the complex interactions that occur between humans and the microbes that reside on and inside their bodies. However, these same advances present a challenge to scientists and clinicians to...