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Focus on Cosmeceuticals: Skin anatomy and photoageing

Skin anatomy The skin of the face provides crucial functions of temperature regulation, reparative functions following injury, facial expression, protective mechanisms against infection and ultraviolet radiation, as well as sensory perception. The integument consists of two principle layers, the epidermis...

Congenital ptosis and astigmatism

This is a review of the effect of congenital ptosis surgery on refractive error. Seventy-one eyes of 56 patients were reviewed. The unoperated eye in unilateral cases was used as the control group. The mean age at surgery was 5.1...

PD-1 and PD-L1 in exenteration specimens

This is an immunohistochemical study looking at variation in the expression of the programmed death-1 receptor (PD-1) and the programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), comparing cutaneous malignancies which invaded the orbit with uncomplicated nodular basal cell carcinomas. The authors retrospectively...

Use of photodynamic therapy in the management of papulopustular rosacea

The author presents a review of the current evidence on the use of topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) for treating papulopustular rosacea, initially with a brief overview of the aetiology of the disease and licensed treatment options, before exploring the context...

Utility and outcomes of hydroxocobalamin use in smoke inhalation patients

The authors propose to investigate the usefulness of the routine administration of hydroxocobalamin in burns patients who are suspected to have an inhalational component to their injury. Mention is made of the important fact that no previous published literature has...

Evaluation of lateral crural steal

Many techniques to increase nasal tip projection and rotation have been described. The lateral crural steal (LCS) technique appears to be suitable for patients who have an under-rotation associated with poor projection of the nasal tip. The objective of the...

Labbé in children

This is the first report in the literature of orthodromic temporalis tendon transfer or the Labbé technique performed on children. The authors used a modification of the transoral approach to the temporalis tendon, originally described by Byrne and Boahene, which...

Success rates of primary and revision transcanalicular DCR surgery

Transcanalicular laser dacro cysto rhinostomy (DCR) is a relatively rare procedure compared to more conventional external or endonasal techniques. In this article the authors examine the outcomes of revision surgery following failed transcanalicular diode laser DCR (TCDL DCR), comparing a...

Assessing the quality of scars from incisions made by a Colorado needle or a scalpel

Traditional teaching has held the best scars are achieved with cold steel although no previous study has formally investigated this hypothesis in oculoplastic surgery. This paper describes a non-randomised cross-sectional study comparing the scar quality achieved from cold steel with...

Comparison of direct suture and nerve grafting on a rodent model of facial nerve injury

The paper shows the result of a study comparing recovery after complete facial nerve transection and immediate repair by direct neurorrhaphy or nerve grafting in an animal model. The authors cut the buccal and mandibular trunk of the left facial...

Want to do exciting entrepreneurial research? – ask the space scientists

Advances in medical technology have improved the quality of life for people around the globe and contributed towards a general increase in life expectancy. Much of this can be attributed to a synthesis between the experience of medical professionals and...

Reconstruction of complex wounds in the trunk and pelvis (part 1)

This is the first part of a two-part article looking at the challenges of reconstruction of complex defects in the torso. The articles are based on a presentation given at the World Union of Wound Healing Societies held in Yokohama...