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A short overview of the evolution of botulinum toxin type A formulations

Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is a potent neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum [1]. BoNT-A has been used for various therapeutic and aesthetic purposes, including the treatment of muscle disorders, chronic pain and facial wrinkles [2-4]. Over the...

Plastic surgery and aesthetic medicine: specialties and specialists

Dr Nikolaos Metatoxos has written an excellent article ‘How to establish a successful practice in aesthetic medicine’, which looks at the business of aesthetic medicine and underlines some very important ethical issues. When comparing hospital doctors and aesthetic medicine practitioners...

Cellulite therapy in 2022 – new treatment options making grades for the new year

World-renowned dermatologist Michael H Gold introduces two of the newest FDA-approved modalities for the treatment of the common skin condition cellulite. Cellulite is one of the most common skin concerns for women. It is estimated that between 80-98% of women...

How I Do It - High-energy acne scar treatment with a fractional Q-switched Nd:YAG laser

Acne vulgaris is one of the most common skin diseases, affecting one out of two people in their lifetimes. About 80% of people between the ages of 11 and 30 suffer from acne, of which many will further experience some...

Natural lifting effect and skin rejuvenation with biphasic medical peeling combined with microneedling

Skin ageing affects the supporting structures of the skin along with the epidermal tissue. Collagen development slows down, and the ability to bind water decreases, the skin becomes thinner and more sensitive. Microcirculation, oxygen supply, fat content and hydration are...

Lip lift with bull-horn flap for lip and nasal reconstruction

This 54-year-old female patient had a basal cell carcinoma (BCC) excised from the junction of her right upper lip and nasal sill, with the BCC extending onto the lower rim of her right nasal alar (Figure 1). The patient wanted...

Recent developments in facelift surgery

Early facelifting procedures were documented in the 1900s, where skin undermining with excess skin excision along the hairline was performed. The 1970s witnessed a major change with an upsurge in public interest in facelift surgery, which led to innovative changes...

Gross Negligence Manslaughter in Healthcare: The medico-legal dilemma (part 23) - Snoring

We all know what snoring is, but do we understand what snoring means?

How I Do It - Neck rejuvenation utilising Silhouette Soft sutures

The mainstay of neck rejuvenation has relied on conventional surgical procedures. In recent years, other non-invasive options have replaced these techniques. One of these developments is the use of suspension threads, starting around 15 years ago utilising barbed sutures, then...

Informed consent and failure to disclose – legal perspectives for aesthetic surgeons

As litigation and legal claims in aesthetic surgery and medicine continue to rise, informed consent is not only a legal imperative but also essential in protecting yourself and your business. Lee Seng Khoo and Francesco Mazzarone, from the world-renowned Ivo...

How I Do It - Congenital midline cervical cleft excision and reconstruction

Congenital midline cervical cleft (CMCC) is an extremely rare malformation comprising: a cranial soft tissue protuberance and a caudal blind-ending sinus connected by a vertical defect of absent or atrophic skin with an underlying subcutaneous fibrous cord that can extend...

A picture is worth a thousand words… communicating with your patients more effectively

Communicating information effectively with patients is essential yet often challenging. Plastic Surgeon Gavin Miller takes us through his approach to using online resources to make the process as effective as possible. Getting ideas across to other people isn’t always easy,...