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All about velopharyngeal dysfunction

The velopharynx functionally separates the oral from the nasal cavities. Inadequate or abnormal function of this muscular valve affects speech and swallow. Velopharyngeal dysfunction can be subdivided into insufficiency, incompetence and mislearning. This is a review paper and indeed a...

Exposure of the forearm and distal radius

Klausmeyer and Mudgal are a plastic surgeon from Colorado and an orthopaedic surgeon from Boston, respectively, who both specialise in hand surgery. In this article the authors describe the approaches to the forearm and distal radius. They commenced with a...

Update on necrotising fasciitis

As a reviewer, there is always a temptation to select those articles in which one has a particular interest and to review them, rather than those which may very well deserve a review, but are outside one’s personal experience. So...

Reconstruction after parotid surgery

This is a retrospective study from Naples, Italy. The authors analyse and compare patients that had benign parotid disease that were reconstructed with three different techniques. Between February 2002 and March 2009, 224 patients were included; these patients had either...

The superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator flap in intraoral reconstruction

There can be little disagreement that a groin flap, or one of its derivatives, can leave behind a scar which is without problems (except, perhaps to a pole dancer). Thus popularisation of such a flap is much to be desired,...