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Lower facial rejuvenation
The author outlines the anatomical changes of the lower face in meticulous detail, supported by current literature, and accurately describes the senescent skeletal and deep fat compartment changes of the mid face and how these can impact on the presentation...
All about velopharyngeal dysfunction
The velopharynx functionally separates the oral from the nasal cavities. Inadequate or abnormal function of this muscular valve affects speech and swallow. Velopharyngeal dysfunction can be subdivided into insufficiency, incompetence and mislearning. This is a review paper and indeed a...
Hot or cold?
The authors present a retrospective literature review of non-surgical body contouring technologies, including radiofrequency, low-level laser therapy, cryolipolysis, as well as thermal and non-thermal ultrasound. A useful, referenced statistical table is provided for comparison of abdominal circumference reduction among different...
Upper facial rejuvenation
The author provides a comprehensive overview of a variety of considerations for clinicians to consider when assessing the upper third of the face, through discussion of anatomy, the importance of treatment planning, symptoms of complications, as well as treatment strategies....
Defeating dry skin
The author provides a comprehensive overview of the factors influencing skin condition, exploring the physiological processes affecting hydration, the role of ceramides as well as epidermal aquaporins. A detailed and referenced discussion is conveyed on the intrinsic and extrinsic factors...
Laser tattoo reduction and removal
A detailed and concise article concerning many important aspects of laser treatment for tattoo removal, the technical discussion is largely focused upon Q-Switch laser for this purpose but other types, including wave lengths, are acknowledged. A strong emphasis is placed...
Vaginal dryness and the menopause
An insightful overview of a specialised topic. The author describes survey findings which indicate a lack of available information to menopausal women about the relationship between vaginal dryness and hormones. Obstacles to affected individuals obtaining specialist input appear to be...
Facial nerve injuries in fixing mandibular condylar fractures
The commonest fracture of the mandible is reported in the region of the condyle. Untreated this can lead to shortening of the ramus, facial asymmetry, arthrosis of the temporomandibular joint, impaired mastication and speech. The standard treatment is open reduction...
Intensed pulsed light for skin rejuvenation
A detailed article exploring many aspects of IPL; the mode of action, the role in photorejuvenation, as well as a useful comparison as to how the scope of IPL compares to laser for similar purposes, with analogies as to how...The life cycles and biological end pathways of dermal fillers
This is an extremely comprehensive and well-designed study of short-term and long-term degradable fillers as well as permanent fillers. Having identified and reviewed 109 relevant manuscripts between 2001 and 2013, Ahn and Rao have produced an excellent paper on this...
A conservative approach to treat ameloblastoma
Ameloblastoma is a relatively rare odontogenic tumour that is benign but locally aggressive. Additionally they tend to recur locally. These are rare accounting for 1% of oral tumours and occur almost exclusively in the jaws. It is more common in...
