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Cord lining mesenchymal stem cell exosomal proteins and their effects on hair follicles

Umbilical cord lining (UCL) mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) produce proteins and growth factors that, when packaged into exosomes in fixed proportions, can stimulate repair and regeneration in recipient cells. The pleiotropic properties of UCL-MSC have been shown to be effective...

An epidemic of lower limb gunshot injuries

As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to impact upon us all, the author, a reconstructive plastic surgeon, provides a thought-provoking account of a different type of epidemic that is having devastating consequences. The Oxford English Dictionary defines an epidemic as “a...

Stratifying preoperative risk in revision augmentation: the six Cs

Breast augmentation is the most frequently performed cosmetic surgical procedure in the UK [1], and with an increasing number of providers, plastic surgeons are managing revisions without information pertaining to the original procedure. Anticipating the features of successive generations of...

Non-surgical management of actinic keratosis, Bowen’s disease and non-melanoma skin cancer

Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are primary cutaneous neoplasms comprising mainly of basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). In 2011, 102,628 cases of NMSCs (74% BCC and 23% SCC) were recorded in England, making NMSC the most common...

The future and a summary of the past

From liposuction to adipose stem cells; from regenerative medicine to tissue engineering; and a vision of the future. Part 3 Adipose stem cells There is a major clinical need for strategies that adequately reconstruct the soft tissue defects after deep...