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Melasma treatment – what have we achieved in 42 years?

Melasma is a hyperpigmentation disorder which has been the subject of intense research over the last 40 years. As yet no definitive therapeutic strategy has been demonstrated to eradicate it or to avoid relapse. The author provides an up to...

Evaluating the efficacy of 2-millisecond versus 3-millisecond Pulse Duration in Laser Hair Removal using a 755 nm Alexandrite laser

Abstract: This study evaluates the effectiveness of 2 ms versus 3 ms pulse duration in laser hair removal (LHR) with the GentleMax Pro Plus™ system using a 755 nm Alexandrite handpiece in subjects with Fitzpatrick skin types III and IV....

Reconstructive Surgery in Post Colonial Africa

Both plastic and maxillo-facial surgery developed out of armed combat. Initially, general surgeons attached to the military might perform reconstructive attempts, but more realistically and pragmatically, destructive surgery was more suited to their situation. Amputation of limbs undoubtedly saved lives...

A guide to hair transplantation

A leading hair transplant surgeon provides an overview of the most effective surgical treatments for hair restoration – and how the industry will develop over the next decade. Modern hair transplant techniques were first developed in Japan in the 1930s...

Facial aesthetics and orthognathic surgery

Most maxillofacial procedures have an aesthetic element. Reconstructive procedures and surgery to correct congenital abnormalities such as cleft lip have an obvious aesthetic impact. When making surgical incisions for access to the underlying facial skeleton consideration will be made to...

Breast reduction in the older woman

Breast reduction (bilateral breast reduction or BBR) is an operation to reduce the size of the breasts, helping to improve the shape of the breasts and lifting the nipples to an appropriately higher position. Some women have difficulty with their...

Cord lining mesenchymal stem cell exosomal proteins and their effects on hair follicles

Umbilical cord lining (UCL) mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) produce proteins and growth factors that, when packaged into exosomes in fixed proportions, can stimulate repair and regeneration in recipient cells. The pleiotropic properties of UCL-MSC have been shown to be effective...

Management of masseter hypertrophy and bruxism with Botulinum Toxin A

This article has been verified for CPD. Click the button below to answer a few short questions and download a form to be included in your CPD folder. The squaring of the lower third of the face can be an...