The velopharynx functionally separates the oral from the nasal cavities. Inadequate or abnormal function of this muscular valve affects speech and swallow. Velopharyngeal dysfunction can be subdivided into insufficiency, incompetence and mislearning. This is a review paper and indeed a...
Menopause, which begins one year after the last period, can bring with it some noticeable changes to skin and hair. As hormone levels drop, skin can become dry, slack, less elastic and thin. It can also cause more facial hair...
This study was laboratory based and focused on different types of end-to-side neurorraphy, and their effects on treating partial facial paralysis. The ultimate aim of this study was to determine which end-to-side neurorraphy produced the greatest axonal growth across the...
Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is a potent neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum [1]. BoNT-A has been used for various therapeutic and aesthetic purposes, including the treatment of muscle disorders, chronic pain and facial wrinkles [2-4]. Over the...
Striae distensae, or stretch marks, are a common dermatologic condition caused by excessive mechanical stretching of the skin with damage to dermal elastic fibres [1]. The lesions are arranged perpendicular to the direction of skin tension. Striae are often associated...
Burn injuries can affect any of us or our families at any time. A momentary lapse in attention can lead to a lifetime of scarring. Whilst any individual member of a family group can be physically scarred, all the family...
Three years ago, I concluded a multi-part blog series looking at a case of gross negligence manslaughter in Hong Kong. The specific case related to a doctor who had operated on a patient who tragically died some 40 minutes after...
The post-truth phenomenon has become a worldwide problem. The absence of a research integrity watchdog in Australia is causing related concern in aesthetic surgery, with the risk of research misconduct being allowed to prosper and benefit vested commercial interests. We...
I want to return to the case of Dr Mak, who was, from the available evidence, caught up in a miscarriage of justice that arose because of a lack of effective interprofessional communication in the legal process.
The upper face, including forehead and temples, is often overlooked in non-surgical cosmetic procedures with dermal fillers. While horizontal forehead or glabella lines may be a common complaint amongst patients, seldom do they attend with concerns of loss of volume...
From the first chapter, this book is fully comprehensive in not only medical aesthetics but more specifically the finer details of how medical aesthetics differs between male and female patients, covering both non-surgical and surgical aspects. This book discusses male...