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Bruxism: a practical guide to treatment with botulinum toxin type A

The aetiology of bruxism is outlined and referenced, giving a clear context to the reader. Recommended treatment options are listed, with a brief summary of the evidence concerning pharmaceutical options, oral appliances, splints, psychology and physiotherapy. The author discusses a...

Inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) recovery after ORIF fractured mandible

Mandibular fractures are quite common facial injuries, but aetiology varies with country and age. Common treatment options are open reduction and internal fixation via an intra oral or extra oral incision. Nerve injury or dysfunction is often seen preoperatively and...

Septal perforation repair and rhinoplasty

The authors present the findings of a retrospective study included 17 patients who underwent rhinoplasty with concurrent septal perforation repair. They analysed the aetiology of the deformity, presenting symptoms, perforation size, intraoperative surgical techniques and complications. They evaluated postoperative subjective...

Intravenous paracetamol in orbital surgery

This is a large prospective study of the effect of intravenous acetaminophen (paracetamol) in orbital surgery. The study included three groups of 50 patients. One group had no i.v. paracetamol, the second 1g of i.v. paracetamol within 30 minutes of...

Sliding lower lid tarsal flap

This is a retrospective review of a lower lid reconstructive technique utilising a sliding tarsal flap. Thirty-two patients who had undergone Mohs surgery were included and each had a shallow marginal defect with at least one remaining tarsal edge having...

Systematic review of PUC compared with textured silicone implants

Poly-urethane coated (PUC) implants have recently been back in the spotlight following the halt on Silimed implant use in Europe and this review is timely in assessing the perceived benefits of these prostheses. This review was adherent to the PRISMA...

Exposure of the forearm and distal radius

Klausmeyer and Mudgal are a plastic surgeon from Colorado and an orthopaedic surgeon from Boston, respectively, who both specialise in hand surgery. In this article the authors describe the approaches to the forearm and distal radius. They commenced with a...

Guidelines for the management of craniosynostosis

A Dutch national working group developed this guideline with representatives from the societies representing 11 different specialties and the Dutch national patients’ society. Medical, social and psychological aspects of care for both syndromic and non-syndromic craniosynostosis are included, for both...

Laser tattoo reduction and removal

A detailed and concise article concerning many important aspects of laser treatment for tattoo removal, the technical discussion is largely focused upon Q-Switch laser for this purpose but other types, including wave lengths, are acknowledged. A strong emphasis is placed...

Nasal deformity following CPAP injury

Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) is commonly used as a non-invasive alternative to endotracheal intubation and tracheotomy, to provide respiratory support to very low birth weight (VLBW) (<1500g) neonates. Nasal injury is a well recognised complication and figures quoted...

Evaluation of lateral crural steal

Many techniques to increase nasal tip projection and rotation have been described. The lateral crural steal (LCS) technique appears to be suitable for patients who have an under-rotation associated with poor projection of the nasal tip. The objective of the...

Abdominal problems following breast reconstruction using lower abdominal flaps

Abdominal problems following transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) and deep inferior epigastric perforators (DIEP) flaps are well recognised in these otherwise excellent methods of breast reconstruction. The authors reviewed 399 patients, of whom 57.7% had surgical complications although most of...