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One anastomosis or two

This is a cumulative meta-analysis from Hong Kong reviewing 27 articles and a total of 7389 flaps. The authors, at the outset, acknowledge that the number of anastomoses is not the only factor of venous compromise and flap failure. Nonetheless...

PD-1 and PD-L1 in exenteration specimens

This is an immunohistochemical study looking at variation in the expression of the programmed death-1 receptor (PD-1) and the programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), comparing cutaneous malignancies which invaded the orbit with uncomplicated nodular basal cell carcinomas. The authors retrospectively...

Dark circles in the periorbital region

The author provides an insightful paper on the aetiological factors involved in dark circles and explores the treatment options. An emphasis is placed on the importance of undertaking a thorough patient consultation and history to establish causative factor(s), as well...

Myopathic ptosis and lower lid retraction surgery

This is a description of a surgical technique which simultaneously addresses both the upper lid ptosis and lower lid retraction in patients with moderate to severe myopathic ptosis. The procedure was performed on 16 eyes of nine patients and involved...

The use of platelet-rich plasma in skin flap grafts

This study was conducted to evaluate the ability of platelet rich plasma (PRP) to stimulate angiogenesis following skin flaps graft surgery, and its effect on flap survival rate. The use of PRP to improve the quality of bone regeneration and...

Sliding lower lid tarsal flap

This is a retrospective review of a lower lid reconstructive technique utilising a sliding tarsal flap. Thirty-two patients who had undergone Mohs surgery were included and each had a shallow marginal defect with at least one remaining tarsal edge having...

Ointment related granulomas post-blepharoplasty

This is a retrospective review of eight patients who developed granulomatous masses after lower lid blepharoplasty. All patients had sutureless bilateral trans-conjunctival surgery, and lubricating ointment was instilled into the inferior fornix postoperatively for two days. Painless lower lid masses...

Diced conchal cartilage with perichondrial attachment graft in rhinoplasty

This article shows the experience of a single surgeon with the use of diced conchal cartilage with perichondrial attachment in 37 consecutive patients. The graft was used to camouflage asymmetries on the lateral wall of the nose, for tip contouring...

Sleep side preference affecting lid laxity in normal subjects

This is an interesting, masked, prospective study examining the hypothesis that increased upper eyelid laxity in normal patients may be related to the side on which they usually sleep. Two hundred and sixty-two normal subjects, over 55 years old, had...

Stairsteps to breathing

Surgery of the nasal valve is a particularly challenging aspect of functional rhinoplasty surgery. The nasal valve area represents the segment with the smallest cross-sectional diameter of the entire airway. The authors of this article present a novel method to...

Nasal deformity following CPAP injury

Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) is commonly used as a non-invasive alternative to endotracheal intubation and tracheotomy, to provide respiratory support to very low birth weight (VLBW) (<1500g) neonates. Nasal injury is a well recognised complication and figures quoted...

The many uses of human amnion

Human amnion has been the focus of myth and superstition. To be born with the ‘caul’ intact was considered lucky and this was transferable, including legitimate selling e.g. caul amulets. In 1910 foetal membranes were first used for transplantation and...