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A short overview of the evolution of botulinum toxin type A formulations

Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is a potent neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum [1]. BoNT-A has been used for various therapeutic and aesthetic purposes, including the treatment of muscle disorders, chronic pain and facial wrinkles [2-4]. Over the...

Encouraging results on treating thinning hair with PRP

Over the last few years platelet rich plasma (PRP) has made a big splash in the aesthetics world causing much excitement. It has been used for skin rejuvenation, softening lines and wrinkles, as part of an anti-ageing process. With the...

How I Do It - Reduction ­thyroplasty

Introduction Male to female transgender patients often undergo reduction thyroplasty – a procedure to reduce the external appearance of the thyroid cartilage of the larynx, and feminisation of the voice. Reduction thyroplasty, often erroneously called ‘tracheal shave’, is one of...

VITASPARK - a career counselling service with a difference!

Focusing on the needs of today’s surgical trainees, Vitaspark has been created and curated by Aishan Patil, a Scottish surgical SpR, and colleagues.

All about velopharyngeal dysfunction

The velopharynx functionally separates the oral from the nasal cavities. Inadequate or abnormal function of this muscular valve affects speech and swallow. Velopharyngeal dysfunction can be subdivided into insufficiency, incompetence and mislearning. This is a review paper and indeed a...

Reconstruction of complex wounds in the trunk and pelvis (part 1)

This is the first part of a two-part article looking at the challenges of reconstruction of complex defects in the torso. The articles are based on a presentation given at the World Union of Wound Healing Societies held in Yokohama...

How to decrease postoperative swelling in rhinoplasty

Postoperative bruising and facial swelling is one of the main concerns of rhinoplasty patients. There is sustained controversy on the surgical manoeuvres, medication and postoperative measures to reduce it, and many published papers address this topic. The authors of this...

Controlled trauma technique when injecting HA dermal fillers

The author presents an interesting discussion regarding the potential for enhanced neocollagenesis through a patented ArqueDerma® dermal filler technique. A thorough overview is conveyed of the dermal collagen matrix, including the characteristics of type I and type III collagen. The...

Hyaluronic acid filler for infraorbital hollows

Volume loss theory has changed the traditional theory of excess tissue as the cause of facial aging. Periorbital area is a challenging region for the injection because of its thin skin, increased vascularity, and compromised lymphatic drainage system. So contour...

A useful guide for performing non-surgical rhinoplasty

This study details a single-centre, nonrandomised, prospective trial of 150 consecutive patients undergoing non-surgical rhinoplasty using hyaluronic acid fillers. The study’s aim was to develop an injecting protocol for different anatomical anomalies to achieve consistent results. Virgin noses and previously...

Post-truth bogus science – cosmetic surgical research concerns support the need for research integrity watchdog in Australia

The post-truth phenomenon has become a worldwide problem. The absence of a research integrity watchdog in Australia is causing related concern in aesthetic surgery, with the risk of research misconduct being allowed to prosper and benefit vested commercial interests. We...

How I Do It - Contouring the lower jaw (surgical)

It is essential to clearly understand the patient’s needs so I usually see patients three to four times prior to operating if major changes to appearance are planned. You must also be able to manage expectations and postoperative outcomes; for...