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A short overview of the evolution of botulinum toxin type A formulations

Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is a potent neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum [1]. BoNT-A has been used for various therapeutic and aesthetic purposes, including the treatment of muscle disorders, chronic pain and facial wrinkles [2-4]. Over the...

Photorejuvenation: Light & Bright™ treatment for enhanced skin quality

Improving skin quality has emerged as a significant trend in recent years, driven by the synergy between at-home skincare routines and diverse aesthetic procedures administered by medical professionals. With sun-induced skin damage manifesting early in life, there’s a surging demand...

How I Do It - Treating acne and acne scarring in all skin types

I use the Aerolase Neo Elite, which is a 650 microsecond, 1064 NdYag laser, to treat inflammatory acne, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, post-inflammatory erythema, and rolling acne scars in skin types I-VI. This laser has revolutionised the way I treat acne in...

Facial nerve palsy and Facial Palsy UK

The term facial palsy is most commonly used to describe a paralytic lower motor neurone (LMN) dysfunction of the facial nerve. Upper motor neurone facial palsy, for example due to strokes and intra-cranial tumours, spares the forehead muscles and will...

How I Do It - Using Nd:Yag laser for correction of vascular anomalies

Vascular anomalies are the most common lesions that can often lead to disfigurement of a child's appearance. Due to the complexity of diagnosis and individual specialists’ understanding of their pathological process, these young patients often undergo many unnecessary tests and...

Medico-legal Forum (Botulinum toxin)

The PMFA Journal and Hamilton Fraser Cosmetic Insurance have teamed up to provide a series of articles that will give examples of claims that occur from different procedures. The case in question In 2014 a patient underwent treatment using abobotulinumtoxinA...

Treatment of facial subcutaneous fibrosis with hyaluronic acid

This article has been verified for CPD. Click the button below to answer a few short questions and download a form to be included in your CPD folder. Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare and chronic connective tissue disease (CTD)...

Cautions, contraindications and complications in aesthetics

All aesthetic practitioners will face complications during their career. It is therefore vital to be prepared. Dr Nestor Demosthenous provides a comprehensive guide to potential complications when treating patients with fillers. A complication during or following a treatment carried out...

The future of acne treatment is clear

As acne affects 742 million patients daily, an alarming 48% are unsatisfied with their current acne treatment [1,2]. But the landscape is changing with...

Lymph node ratio in tongue cancer

This is an analysis of 88 patients treated in Switzerland between 2003 and 2012. All patients had a selective neck dissection and recurrence occurred in 25 patients. Overall and disease specific survival were 72% and 80%. They specifically looked at...

Is rib cartilage a safe material for rhinoplasty

This is a meta-analysis of complications associated with use of autologus costal cartilage in rhinoplasty involving 10 studies with 491 patients with a mean follow-up of 33 months. The results of the meta-analysis show a very low rate of complications...

How to measure functional outcome after nose surgery

The authors of this paper perform a systematic review of the literature on two of the most popular patient-reported measures for nasal obstruction, the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) and the visual analog scale (VAS). They compare pre and postoperative...