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Wide variation in the volume of the sphenoid trigone

This is a radiological study of the volume of the sphenoid trigone in normal subjects. The authors were interested to see how much volume could be gained by removal of the trigone during an orbital decompression for thyroid eye disease....

Hey look! Smaller arms and no scars...

The author of this chapter presents his experience of arm reduction leaving a scar in the axilla only; minimal incision brachioplasty (MIB). The technique is a modification of the Pollack technique to treat axillary hydradenitis. It is suitable for patients...

Non-surgical periocular aesthetics

The periocular region is the focal point of facial communication. Millimetre increments of change required to achieve bilateral symmetry and harmony can be difficult to achieve by surgical means only. Non-surgical aesthetic modifications offer a number of advantages in selected...

Patient-reported outcomes in oculoplastic surgery

This is an important if somewhat difficult to grasp article which tries to formally address the subject of patient-reported outcomes in oculofacial surgery. The authors have conducted an extensive review of the literature searching for instruments (questionnaires) which have been...

Reversing signs of skin ageing with topical retinoids

The reversal of the signs of ageing / aged skin is an important component of any form of facial surgery. The authors here have written a comprehensive paper detailing the biological process in skin ageing and role of topical retinoid...

VAC therapy and instillation

Vacuum assisted closure (VAC) therapy is now a common sight in plastic surgery departments for the management of difficult wounds, to encourage granulation tissue formation, reduce wound size and facilitate closure or reconstruction. The combined use of VAC dressing with...

Measures against female hair loss

The author presents a detailed, well-structured review about female hair transplant surgery. Female hair pattern loss usually differs from male hair pattern loss, resulting in regions of the scalp where hair density falls without complete alopecia. Surgery for female patients...

Stability of lateral canthal position following endoscopic forehead-midface-lift

The paper is a retrospective study of the changes on the lateral canthal area following endoscopic forehead-midface-lift in a series of 40 patients operated by the same surgeon. Four different parameters (horizontal width, vertical height, palpebral fissure width and angle...

Superficial lymphatics of the abdominal wall in lymphatic microsurgery

This elegant and beautifully illustrated article requires to be carefully studied in its entirety by any surgeon planning to carry out lymphovenous anastomoses or vascularised lymph node transfer in the groin area. As the authors point out, the most difficult...

Descending branch peroneal artery perforator flap

Reconstruction of distal third defects in the lower limb is a challenge that often requires microsurgical free tissue transfer. The authors introduce a peroneal artery perforator flap based on the deep descending branch for reconstruction of lateral malleolar defects. They...