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Botulinum toxin (BoNT) for depression: A review of the mechanism of action and its potential place as an adjuvant treatment

BoNT is becoming a recognised efficient treatment for depression, endorsed by several disciplines including psychiatry. Clare Amrani examines the potential mechanism of action and explores the appropriate place of BoNT in the therapeutic armamentarium for depression. How did BoNT become...

The importance of nitric oxide in medicine

The harmful effects exerted upon living and injured tissues by free radicals have been explored since the 1980s. Now in 2021 the free radical nitric oxide (NO) is not just a figment of imagination; it is known as one of...

Is there a role for retrobulbar hyaluronidase in hyaluronic acid vascular embolism related vision loss?

This article has been verified for CPD. Click the button below to answer a few short questions and download a form to be included in your CPD folder. How should vascular occlusions be managed? The authors review the evidence on...

Rhinoplasty for cleft nose deformity

This article has been verified for CPD. Click the button below to answer a few short questions and download a form to be included in your CPD folder. Modern cleft lip and palate repairs produce excellent functional and aesthetic results...

Mid-facial augmentation with malar implants

The authors guide us through facial augmentation using implants to restore volume and a youthful appearance. In today’s ‘selfie-obsessed’ culture, there is no other anatomical region which carries greater social prestige and importance, than a well-proportioned ‘youthful’ face. In particular,...

How our media partners have responded to COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed every aspect of our life. As we move forward at this unprecedented time The PMFA Journal is here to help everyone in the fields of plastic & maxillofacial surgery and aesthetic medicine. We have a...

Cleft lip and palate care in low resource countries

The author explains why the traditional ‘humanitarian mission’ style of charity work needs to change and how the charity CLEFT is making an impact. It is estimated that between 150,000 and 250,000 babies are born each year worldwide with clefts...

One-point tear trough correction

The authors provide an expert guide to the use of hyaluronic acid dermal fillers to rejuvenate the periorbital area. One of the early signs of periorbital ageing are dark circles around the eye, with patients complaining of a fatigued appearance....

Acid attacks: part 1

In the first of a two-part series, Andrew Burd takes us through the background to the development of his protocol for the acute management of chemical assault burns (see Part 2 here). I have maintained a long-term interest in how...

Using erythema-directed digital photography in patients with rosacea

The authors, from the University of Catania in Italy, discuss the promise that erythema-directed digital photography is showing in the clinical evaluation and targeted treatment of rosacea. Rosacea is a common chronic inflammatory facial condition that can lead to significant...